Climate Change and Wine Quality

Climate change has the potential to jeopardize the sustainability of wine production in various geographical areas, primarily by affecting wine quality, and safety. Climate has a considerable influence on wine characteristics, which is based on an intricate interplay between water availability, temperature, plant material, and vineyard management. The primary effects can be summed up as follows: high alcohol content, high pH and low acidity, development of undesirable microorganisms, accumulation of mycotoxins, and biogenic amines (BAs) in wines. Both yield and quality have been improved by selecting plant material and vineyard management methods based on the climatic conditions. However, because of climate change, several adaptation strategies have been proposed. For instance, to respond to higher temperatures, new varieties have been selected and farming management methods have been modified. This chapter provides an overview of the main impacts of climate change on grape composition and wine quality. Furthermore, the possibility of utilizing microorganisms to mitigate the negative aspects of climate change is investigated in the final section