Paper-based (PADs) and Additive Manufacturing 3D-printed devices (AMDs) are compelling advances in modern (bio)electroanalytical science, offering rapid prototyping and design freedom and providing a unique route to on-demand, low-cost (bio)analytical platforms; however, several challenges remain. In this context, integrating/printing Nanostructured Films into lab-made PADs and AMDs, despite strong promise, remains underexplored. Herein, the production of functional graphenic nanofilms via CO 2 laser plotter and their integration into PADs and AMDs will be presented, along with their use for sensing and enzymatic biosensing. Attention will be paid to both laser-assisted assembly of nanostructured surfaces and the fabrication of disposable devices using low-cost, sustainable substrates via affordable benchtop microfabrication technologies. In particular, (i) a paper-based graphene bioelectrode enabling third-generation fructose dehydrogenase sensing of inulin will be presented. Polyimide-derived Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) was integrated into office, recycled, and industrial by-product-containing papers, and the bioelectrocatalytic properties were examined. The complete LIG biosensors assembled on bamboo ‘tree-free’ paper (FB) proved more effective and were used to enzymatically detect inulin in urine (LOD = 0.3 mg L -1 ) and serum (LOD = 1.1 mg L -1 ), at levels relevant to clinical glomerular filtration rate testing. FB-LIG biosensor-based inulin analysis requires 10 min and yields satisfactory recoveries (90–111%; RSD ≤ 7.9%, n = 3), establishing it as the first third-generation paper-based biosensor. (ii) Moreover, new strategies for integrating laser-produced graphenic nanofilms onto 3D-printed models will be presented. These approaches enable on-demand printing of graphenic sensing circuits onto various 3D substrates via Fused Filament Fabrication . Using this rapid and scalable approach, complete sensors and enzymatic biosensors were produced in series. Their morpho-chemical and electrical/electrochemical features were then thoroughly examined, and (bio)electroanalytical potential was demonstrated by detecting a range of analytes in diverse agrifood and biological samples. Reproducible data with nano- to micromolar detection limits and satisfactory recoveries were obtained across all applications; analytical data are not reported because the studies are still ongoing. This presentation demonstrates how CO 2 -laser plotter technologies, combined with benchtop manufacturing approaches, enable the production of on-demand, sustainable (bio)analytical devices that address diverse analytical challenges.
EMERGING STRATEGIES TO PRODUCE PAPER-BASED AND 3D-PRINTED (BIO)SENSORS BASED ON LASER-NANOSTRUCTURED GRAPHENE
F. Della Pelle;A. Scroccarello;D. Paolini;I. V. Di Cristoforo;P. Di Battista;A. Sierra Padilla;D. Compagnone
2026-01-01
Abstract
Paper-based (PADs) and Additive Manufacturing 3D-printed devices (AMDs) are compelling advances in modern (bio)electroanalytical science, offering rapid prototyping and design freedom and providing a unique route to on-demand, low-cost (bio)analytical platforms; however, several challenges remain. In this context, integrating/printing Nanostructured Films into lab-made PADs and AMDs, despite strong promise, remains underexplored. Herein, the production of functional graphenic nanofilms via CO 2 laser plotter and their integration into PADs and AMDs will be presented, along with their use for sensing and enzymatic biosensing. Attention will be paid to both laser-assisted assembly of nanostructured surfaces and the fabrication of disposable devices using low-cost, sustainable substrates via affordable benchtop microfabrication technologies. In particular, (i) a paper-based graphene bioelectrode enabling third-generation fructose dehydrogenase sensing of inulin will be presented. Polyimide-derived Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) was integrated into office, recycled, and industrial by-product-containing papers, and the bioelectrocatalytic properties were examined. The complete LIG biosensors assembled on bamboo ‘tree-free’ paper (FB) proved more effective and were used to enzymatically detect inulin in urine (LOD = 0.3 mg L -1 ) and serum (LOD = 1.1 mg L -1 ), at levels relevant to clinical glomerular filtration rate testing. FB-LIG biosensor-based inulin analysis requires 10 min and yields satisfactory recoveries (90–111%; RSD ≤ 7.9%, n = 3), establishing it as the first third-generation paper-based biosensor. (ii) Moreover, new strategies for integrating laser-produced graphenic nanofilms onto 3D-printed models will be presented. These approaches enable on-demand printing of graphenic sensing circuits onto various 3D substrates via Fused Filament Fabrication . Using this rapid and scalable approach, complete sensors and enzymatic biosensors were produced in series. Their morpho-chemical and electrical/electrochemical features were then thoroughly examined, and (bio)electroanalytical potential was demonstrated by detecting a range of analytes in diverse agrifood and biological samples. Reproducible data with nano- to micromolar detection limits and satisfactory recoveries were obtained across all applications; analytical data are not reported because the studies are still ongoing. This presentation demonstrates how CO 2 -laser plotter technologies, combined with benchtop manufacturing approaches, enable the production of on-demand, sustainable (bio)analytical devices that address diverse analytical challenges.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
