Artificial Intelligence and the Emerging Challenges of Liability

The article analyses the civil and administrative liabilities associated with the use of artificial intelligence, highlighting the human-centred, risk-based approach that characterises European and national legal systems. It examines the main areas of liability and the evidentiary challenges relating to fault and causation. European regulatory initiatives, including the AI Act and product liability legislation, are also discussed, emphasising the need for systemic measures capable of ensuring effective protection without hindering innovation. The article further addresses the critical issues surrounding the potential attribution of legal personality to autonomous AI systems. Particular attention is paid to the civil liability of public administrations and to the administrative and accounting liability of public officials arising from the use of AI systems.