The synthesis and integration of nanostructured films into paper-based analytical devices remain significant challenges. Benchtop-scale CO2 laser plotter-based technologies offer an exciting opportunity to produce graphenic and graphitized films. This presentation focuses on the production of various functional nanostructured films using a CO2 Laser plotter and their integration into fully lab-made paper sensors and biosensors. This study concerns the integration of laser-induced graphene oxide (rGO) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) into cellulosic substrates, enabling the creation of complete nanostructured paper sensors and biosensors capable of addressing various analytical requirements. To achieve this, eco-friendly cellulosic substrates were explored, including recycled papers and those derived from textile and agro-industrial wastes, and manufactured using fiber sources alternative to trees. Paper sensors were produced in batches through an accessible stencil printing process, and rGO/LIG films were seamlessly incorporated via pressure. The paper/rGO's morphological, structural/chemical, and electrical/electrochemical features were thoroughly examined. In brief, each paper interacts with the rGO/LIG differently, resulting in a unique graphene film formation and chemical rearrangements that impact their electrochemistry and electroanalytical properties. The presentation will cover: (i) electrochemical sensors based on laser-induced rGO films integrated into eco-friendly papers capable of detecting various analytes in different samples, including food, supplements/medications, and biological fluids. For each application, a dedicated paper sensor proved to be more effective (tree-free/rGO, recycled fibers/rGO, and kiwi byproducts/ rGO), highlighting the role of the cellulosic substrate even in their final use. Reproducible data (RSD ≤ 7%; n = 3), with nano- to micromolar detection limits and satisfactory recoveries (91-108%), were achieved across all applications. (ii) Additionally, bamboo-derived paper was used to host LIG obtained from polyimide and to accommodate Fructose Dehydrogenase (FDH), with the ultimate goal of fabricating a third-generation enzymatic biosensor for detecting inulin, a natural fructose polymer used as an exogenous marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation to evaluate kidney function. Bamboo paper biosensors were employed to measure inulin in real urine and serum samples at clinically relevant levels, yielding satisfactory recoveries (90–111%; RSD ≤ 7.9%, n = 3). This presentation aims to demonstrate how CO2-laser plotter-based technologies can create effective nanostructured sensing surfaces and transducers that are accessible and easy to interface through everyone-reach technologies on paper-based substrates, opening new opportunities for developing on-demand, sustainable analytical devices that meet specific needs. Acknowledgments This work has been funded
CO2 laser-induced graphenic films on eco-friendly paper substrates for sensing and biosensing.
F. Della Pelle;A. Scroccarello;F. Silveri;D. Paolini;P. Di Battista;A. Sierra Padilla;Dario Compagnone.
2025-01-01
Abstract
The synthesis and integration of nanostructured films into paper-based analytical devices remain significant challenges. Benchtop-scale CO2 laser plotter-based technologies offer an exciting opportunity to produce graphenic and graphitized films. This presentation focuses on the production of various functional nanostructured films using a CO2 Laser plotter and their integration into fully lab-made paper sensors and biosensors. This study concerns the integration of laser-induced graphene oxide (rGO) and laser-induced graphene (LIG) into cellulosic substrates, enabling the creation of complete nanostructured paper sensors and biosensors capable of addressing various analytical requirements. To achieve this, eco-friendly cellulosic substrates were explored, including recycled papers and those derived from textile and agro-industrial wastes, and manufactured using fiber sources alternative to trees. Paper sensors were produced in batches through an accessible stencil printing process, and rGO/LIG films were seamlessly incorporated via pressure. The paper/rGO's morphological, structural/chemical, and electrical/electrochemical features were thoroughly examined. In brief, each paper interacts with the rGO/LIG differently, resulting in a unique graphene film formation and chemical rearrangements that impact their electrochemistry and electroanalytical properties. The presentation will cover: (i) electrochemical sensors based on laser-induced rGO films integrated into eco-friendly papers capable of detecting various analytes in different samples, including food, supplements/medications, and biological fluids. For each application, a dedicated paper sensor proved to be more effective (tree-free/rGO, recycled fibers/rGO, and kiwi byproducts/ rGO), highlighting the role of the cellulosic substrate even in their final use. Reproducible data (RSD ≤ 7%; n = 3), with nano- to micromolar detection limits and satisfactory recoveries (91-108%), were achieved across all applications. (ii) Additionally, bamboo-derived paper was used to host LIG obtained from polyimide and to accommodate Fructose Dehydrogenase (FDH), with the ultimate goal of fabricating a third-generation enzymatic biosensor for detecting inulin, a natural fructose polymer used as an exogenous marker for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimation to evaluate kidney function. Bamboo paper biosensors were employed to measure inulin in real urine and serum samples at clinically relevant levels, yielding satisfactory recoveries (90–111%; RSD ≤ 7.9%, n = 3). This presentation aims to demonstrate how CO2-laser plotter-based technologies can create effective nanostructured sensing surfaces and transducers that are accessible and easy to interface through everyone-reach technologies on paper-based substrates, opening new opportunities for developing on-demand, sustainable analytical devices that meet specific needs. Acknowledgments This work has been fundedI documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
