Feline viral papillomatosis: ABCD guidelines on prevention and management.

OVERVIEW: Papillomaviruses are epitheliotropic and cause cutaneous lesions in man and several animal species, including cats. INFECTION: Cats most likely become infected through lesions or abrasions of the skin. Species-specific viruses have been detected but human and bovine related sequences have also been found, suggesting cross-species transmission. CLINICAL SIGNS: In cats, papillomaviruses are associated with four different skin lesions: hyperkeratotic plaques, which can progress into Bowenoid in situ carcinomas (BISCs) and further to invasive squamous cell carcinomas (ISCCs); cutaneous fibropapillomas or feline sarcoids; and cutaneous papillomas. However, papillomaviruses have also been found in normal skin. DIAGNOSIS: Papillomavirus-induced skin lesions can be diagnosed by demonstration of papillomavirus antigen in biopsies of skin lesions, or detection of papillomavirus-like particles by electron microscopy and papillomavirus DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TREATMENT: Spontaneous regression might be expected. In cases of ISCC, complete excision should be considered if possible.