This article examines the regime governing contractual limitations of damages in package travel contracts, starting from the rules on the organiser’s liability for lack of conformity of the travel package and from the problematic coordination between Articles 42 and 43 of the Tourism Code, Article 1228 of the Italian Civil Code, and the general rules on contractual liability. The analysis leads to rejecting a unitary characterisation of the organiser’s liability as strict liability, and instead proposes a more nuanced reconstruction: liability based on presumed fault in cases of defective performance, and strict liability only for the acts of auxiliaries, agents and third-party providers of tourist services. On this basis, Article 43(5) of the Tourism Code is interpreted as a contractual limitation of the compensatory debt, operating exclusively in cases of strict liability not attributable to the organiser’s intent or fault. It follows that, in the event of attributable non-performance, the traveller may obtain full compensation without bearing the burden of specifically proving fault. A further critical issue concerns clauses providing for a limit lower than three times the price of the package: rather than considering such clauses null and void with the complete removal of the limitation, the article proposes their automatic replacement, pursuant to Article 1339 of the Italian Civil Code, with the statutory threshold, thereby enhancing a conformative solution capable of balancing the protection of the traveller, the predictability of the organiser’s risk, and the economic and insurance sustainability of the system.
Il contributo analizza il regime delle limitazioni risarcitorie convenzionali nei contratti del turismo organizzato, muovendo dalla disciplina della responsabilità dell’organizzatore per difetto di conformità del pacchetto turistico e dal problematico coordinamento tra gli artt. 42 e 43 del codice del turismo, l’art. 1228 c.c. e le regole generali in tema di responsabilità debitoria. L’indagine conduce a non aderire alla qualificazione unitaria della responsabilità dell’organizzatore come responsabilità oggettiva, proponendo una ricostruzione più articolata: responsabilità per colpa presunta nell’inesatta esecuzione della prestazione e responsabilità oggettiva soltanto per il fatto di ausiliari, preposti e terzi fornitori dei servizi turistici. Su tale base, si offre una lettura dell’art. 43, comma 5, c. tur. quale clausola di limitazione convenzionale del debito risarcitorio, operante esclusivamente nelle ipotesi di responsabilità oggettiva non imputabile a dolo o colpa dell’organizzatore. Ne deriva che il viaggiatore, in caso di inadempimento imputabile, può ottenere il risarcimento integrale senza essere onerato della prova specifica della colpa. Un ulteriore profilo critico riguarda la clausola che preveda un limite inferiore al triplo del prezzo del pacchetto: anziché predicarne la nullità con caducazione integrale del limite, il contributo propone la sostituzione automatica ex art. 1339 c.c. con la soglia legale, valorizzando una soluzione conformativa idonea a bilanciare tutela del viaggiatore, prevedibilità del rischio dell’organizzatore e sostenibilità economico-assicurativa del sistema.
Le limitazioni risarcitorie convenzionali nei contratti del turismo organizzato
Lorena Ambrosini
2026-01-01
Abstract
This article examines the regime governing contractual limitations of damages in package travel contracts, starting from the rules on the organiser’s liability for lack of conformity of the travel package and from the problematic coordination between Articles 42 and 43 of the Tourism Code, Article 1228 of the Italian Civil Code, and the general rules on contractual liability. The analysis leads to rejecting a unitary characterisation of the organiser’s liability as strict liability, and instead proposes a more nuanced reconstruction: liability based on presumed fault in cases of defective performance, and strict liability only for the acts of auxiliaries, agents and third-party providers of tourist services. On this basis, Article 43(5) of the Tourism Code is interpreted as a contractual limitation of the compensatory debt, operating exclusively in cases of strict liability not attributable to the organiser’s intent or fault. It follows that, in the event of attributable non-performance, the traveller may obtain full compensation without bearing the burden of specifically proving fault. A further critical issue concerns clauses providing for a limit lower than three times the price of the package: rather than considering such clauses null and void with the complete removal of the limitation, the article proposes their automatic replacement, pursuant to Article 1339 of the Italian Civil Code, with the statutory threshold, thereby enhancing a conformative solution capable of balancing the protection of the traveller, the predictability of the organiser’s risk, and the economic and insurance sustainability of the system.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


