From Mechanical Calculation to Intelligent Machines. The evolution of Artificial Intelligence from Management and Organization Perspective

This chapter explores the evolution of technology, specifically within the sphere of computing and information systems, represents one of the profound transformations in human history. It is rooted in the early attempt to automate mathematical calculations and manage information. This evolution not only redefined the capabilities of machines but has also reshaped human interactions, societal structures, and industry operations. This period was marked by significant mechanical and electromechanical discoveries that shaped the future of computing technology. It signifies a foundational era, transitioning the perception of programable machines from theoretical concepts to tangible realities. Its emphases particularly on the growth of computing and its following phases heading to modern artificial intelligence (AI). The evolution of AI has driven ground-breaking advancements in computational technology while revolutionizing organizational operations, strategic decision-making, and workplace dynamics. From early automation to intelligent decision-making systems, AI has reshaped organizational structures, enhancing operational efficiency, workforce management, and strategic decision-making.