The text examines the role of the Monte di Pietà of Rome in the management, appraisal, and circulation of works of art from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. The institution, governed by a strict ethical code, consistently guarded against misconduct related to the custody and pledging of artworks, although occasional transgressions by staff members did occur. A significant figure is the cashier Lorenzo Toma, who in the eighteenth century exploited his access to the institution’s holdings for speculative purposes and to expand his personal collection. The most consequential case, however, concerns Marquis Giovan Pietro Campana, appointed director in 1833, whose remarkable collecting activity—supported by his institutional position—led to the creation of the renowned Campana Museum. Following his dramatic fall and the confiscation of his assets, the collection was dispersed among European and American museums. After 1870, when the Monte di Pietà’s artistic assets were absorbed into the administrative framework of the newly unified Italian state, works deemed of lesser importance entered the market, while those of higher quality contributed to shaping the international image of Italian art.
Il testo ricostruisce il ruolo del Monte di Pietà di Roma nella gestione, valutazione e circolazione delle opere d’arte tra XVIII e XIX secolo. L’istituto, dotato di un rigido codice deontologico, mantenne sempre alta l’attenzione verso le potenziali irregolarità legate alla custodia e al pegno di beni artistici, pur registrando episodiche trasgressioni da parte del personale. Particolare rilievo assume la figura del cassiere Lorenzo Toma, che nel Settecento sfruttò la conoscenza del patrimonio custodito per attività speculative e per ampliare la propria collezione privata. Il caso più significativo riguarda però il marchese Giovan Pietro Campana, direttore del Monte dal 1833, la cui intensa attività collezionistica — alimentata dalla sua posizione istituzionale — portò alla formazione del celebre Museo Campana, successivamente oggetto di confisca e disperso tra musei europei e americani. Dopo il 1870, con l’ingresso del patrimonio del Monte nel quadro amministrativo dello Stato unitario, le opere ritenute di minor valore furono immesse sul mercato, mentre quelle di maggior pregio contribuirono a definire l’immagine internazionale dell’arte italiana.
Alcune dinamiche del sistema artistico attraverso i fondi storici del Monte di Pietà
paolo coen
2025-01-01
Abstract
The text examines the role of the Monte di Pietà of Rome in the management, appraisal, and circulation of works of art from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century. The institution, governed by a strict ethical code, consistently guarded against misconduct related to the custody and pledging of artworks, although occasional transgressions by staff members did occur. A significant figure is the cashier Lorenzo Toma, who in the eighteenth century exploited his access to the institution’s holdings for speculative purposes and to expand his personal collection. The most consequential case, however, concerns Marquis Giovan Pietro Campana, appointed director in 1833, whose remarkable collecting activity—supported by his institutional position—led to the creation of the renowned Campana Museum. Following his dramatic fall and the confiscation of his assets, the collection was dispersed among European and American museums. After 1870, when the Monte di Pietà’s artistic assets were absorbed into the administrative framework of the newly unified Italian state, works deemed of lesser importance entered the market, while those of higher quality contributed to shaping the international image of Italian art.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.


