The Montecristo goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) represents the only remaining wild example in Italy and one of the few in the Mediterranean basin. This animal has easily adapted to survive on the island, characterized by limited food and water availability and the absence of natural predators, significantly influencing its appearance and history. The subjects of this study consist of a group of 10 Montecristo goats relocated in 2020 to a facility in the Marsiliana State Nature Reserve, in the province of Grosseto, managed by the Carabinieri. Another group of 10 individuals, descendants of goats relocated in 2010 as part of the Life 2010 project for the conservation of island habitats in Tuscany, were also examined, and they are housed at the Bioparco in Rome. Blood and fecal samples were taken from the subjects in the Marsiliana facility at three different times: before transport (MTC0) in 2020 and two samplings post-relocation in 2023 (MTC1 and MTC2). Meanwhile, a single sample was taken from those at the Bioparco in Rome (BPR). For all subjects, a hematobiochemical profile was conducted, along with investigations to identify any infectious pathogens and parasites. The data from MTC0, MTC1, and MTC2 samplings were compared and statistically analyzed using the randomization test (p<0.05) to assess whether environmental conditions (insular/continental), meteorological conditions (summer/winter), and management practices (feeding with only spontaneous vegetation/ ad libitum supplemented feeding) could influence the considered parameters. However, statistical analysis could not be performed on the hematobiochemical data from the Bioparco in Rome group due to different laboratory methodologies. Significant differences in hematobiochemical parameters were observed in the correlation between MTC1 and MTC0 (same season, different years) and MTC2 and MTC1 (different seasons). In the first case, these differences could arise from diverse environmental and management conditions, while in the second case, in accordance with other authors, they could be attributed to seasonality. Regarding the data on infectious and parasitic investigations in various contexts (MTC0, MTC1, MTC2, and BPR), the presence or absence of pathogens appears to be correlated with different types of management (free-range, confined, and controlled). Due to the criticality associated with the limited number of subjects analyzed and the repetitions of the conducted samplings, only hypotheses can be made about the potential effects of different climatic and management situations on the general health status and exposure to pathogens. However, further investigations and in-depth studies are necessary to enhance the understanding of the Montecristo goat, optimizing the management of ex situ facilities and ensuring the well-being of the housed animals.
La capra di Montecristo (Capra aegagrus hircus) rappresenta l’unico esempio selvatico residuale vivente in Italia e uno dei pochi nel bacino del Mediterraneo. Questo animale si è adattato facilmente a sopravvivere sull’isola, caratterizzata da una limitata disponibilità alimentare e idrica e dall’assenza di predatori naturali, condizionandone fortemente l’aspetto e la storia. Gli animali oggetto dello studio sono rappresentati da un gruppo di 10 esemplari di capra di Montecristo traslocati nel 2020 in una struttura nella Riserva Naturale Statale di Marsiliana, in provincia di Grosseto, gestita dall’Arma dei Carabinieri. È stato preso in esame anche un altro gruppo di 10 esemplari, ospitati presso il Bioparco di Roma e discendenti da animali traslocati nel 2010 nell’ambito del progetto Life 2010 per la conservazione degli habitat insulari in Toscana. Sui soggetti ospitati presso la struttura di Marsiliana sono stati effettuati 3 campionamenti ematici e fecali, uno prima del trasporto (MTC0) nel 2020 e due successi alla traslocazione nel 2023 (MTC1 e MTC2), mentre su quelli del Bioparco di Roma (BPR) un singolo prelievo: su tutti sono stati eseguiti un profilo ematobiochimico, nonché indagini per l’identificazione di eventuali agenti patogeni infettivi e parassitari. I dati dei campionamenti MTC0, MTC1 e MTC2 sono stati messi a confronto e analizzati statisticamente con il test di casualizzazione (p<0,05), in modo da valutare se le condizioni ambientali (insulare/continentale), metereologiche (estate/inverno) e gestionali (alimentazione con sola vegetazione spontanea/alimentazione addizionata ad libitum) potevano rappresentare un fattore influenzante sui parametri considerati. Sui dati ematobiochimici riferiti al gruppo del Bioparco di Roma non è stato, invece, possibile effettuare un’analisi statistica, causa le differenti metodologie di laboratorio attuate. Dalle due correlazioni effettuate, MTC1 verso MTC0 (stessa stagione, diversi anni) e MTC2 verso MTC1 (diversa stagione), sono emerse differenze significative riferite ai parametri ematobiochimici: nel primo caso, potrebbero derivare dalle condizioni ambientali e gestionali diverse, mentre nel secondo, in accordo con altri autori, dall’influenza della stagionalità. Per quanto riguarda i dati relativi alle indagini infettive e parassitarie effettuate nei vari contesti (MTC0, MTC1, MTC2 e BPR), la presenza o meno di agenti patogeni sembrerebbe essere correlata ai differenti tipi di gestione (libera, confinata e controllata). Data la criticità legata al numero limitato di soggetti analizzati e di ripetizioni dei campionamenti effettuati, si possono solo ipotizzare eventuali effetti che le differenti situazioni climatiche e gestionali possano aver avuto sullo stato di salute generale e sull’esposizione a patogeni. Tuttavia, per implementare le conoscenze della capra di Montecristo, al fine di ottimizzare al meglio la gestione delle strutture ex situ e di garantire agli animali ospitati un management nel pieno rispetto del benessere, sono necessari ulteriori indagini e approfondimenti.
Studio di agenti patogeni infettivi e di endoparassiti in due popolazioni di Capra di Montecristo (Capra aegagrus hircus) allo stato libero e in captivazione permanente / Minniti, Carlo Alberto. - (2024).
Studio di agenti patogeni infettivi e di endoparassiti in due popolazioni di Capra di Montecristo (Capra aegagrus hircus) allo stato libero e in captivazione permanente
Minniti, Carlo Alberto
2024-01-01
Abstract
The Montecristo goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) represents the only remaining wild example in Italy and one of the few in the Mediterranean basin. This animal has easily adapted to survive on the island, characterized by limited food and water availability and the absence of natural predators, significantly influencing its appearance and history. The subjects of this study consist of a group of 10 Montecristo goats relocated in 2020 to a facility in the Marsiliana State Nature Reserve, in the province of Grosseto, managed by the Carabinieri. Another group of 10 individuals, descendants of goats relocated in 2010 as part of the Life 2010 project for the conservation of island habitats in Tuscany, were also examined, and they are housed at the Bioparco in Rome. Blood and fecal samples were taken from the subjects in the Marsiliana facility at three different times: before transport (MTC0) in 2020 and two samplings post-relocation in 2023 (MTC1 and MTC2). Meanwhile, a single sample was taken from those at the Bioparco in Rome (BPR). For all subjects, a hematobiochemical profile was conducted, along with investigations to identify any infectious pathogens and parasites. The data from MTC0, MTC1, and MTC2 samplings were compared and statistically analyzed using the randomization test (p<0.05) to assess whether environmental conditions (insular/continental), meteorological conditions (summer/winter), and management practices (feeding with only spontaneous vegetation/ ad libitum supplemented feeding) could influence the considered parameters. However, statistical analysis could not be performed on the hematobiochemical data from the Bioparco in Rome group due to different laboratory methodologies. Significant differences in hematobiochemical parameters were observed in the correlation between MTC1 and MTC0 (same season, different years) and MTC2 and MTC1 (different seasons). In the first case, these differences could arise from diverse environmental and management conditions, while in the second case, in accordance with other authors, they could be attributed to seasonality. Regarding the data on infectious and parasitic investigations in various contexts (MTC0, MTC1, MTC2, and BPR), the presence or absence of pathogens appears to be correlated with different types of management (free-range, confined, and controlled). Due to the criticality associated with the limited number of subjects analyzed and the repetitions of the conducted samplings, only hypotheses can be made about the potential effects of different climatic and management situations on the general health status and exposure to pathogens. However, further investigations and in-depth studies are necessary to enhance the understanding of the Montecristo goat, optimizing the management of ex situ facilities and ensuring the well-being of the housed animals.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.